Theme Of Beowulf Essays (631 words) - Beowulf, Geats,

Theme of Beowulf Theme of Beowulf The Anglo-Saxons were the members of the Germanic peoples who invaded England, and were there at the time of the Norman Conquest. They were people of their own time, language and culture. In the Anglo-Saxon adventure filled tale of Beowulf, the heron Beowulf was, at the time, considered the modern day superman. His character exemplifies the Germanic hero, and consequently the Anglo-Saxon ideal: strong, fearless, bold, loyal, and stoic in his acceptance of fate. With the absence of humility, yet his important role in society and his ideals of chivalry, Beowulf was the definition of a hero in his own time. This novel develops the theme that with honor towards chivalry and faith in yourself, anything can be accomplished. To be a hero in the Anglo-Saxon period, you proved yourself by doing good deeds,showing honor and exemplifying bravery. But with all of his amazing characteristics, Beowulf had a hard time proving humility. "you're Beowulf, are you - the same boastful fool who fought a swimming match with Brecca, both of you daring and young and proud, exploring the deepest seas, risking your lives for no reason but the danger? All older and wiser heads warned you not to, but no one could check such pride."(p.39, Beowulf). This quote best describes Beowulf as a child, full of pride and not that good at hiding it. "I fought that beast's last battle, left it floating lifeless in the sea." (p.40 Beowulf). Another quote that showed that in his older age, he had no problem expressing how good he was. A Knight , a hero in the near future, was not one to be as outspoken of his capabilities as Beowulf, even though they did both have the same roles in society and honor towards chivalry. Two qualities that did make Beowulf look a lot more heroic, unlike his absence of humility. Beowulf's role in society was almost identical to that of a Knight. Only, unlike the Knight, Beowulf made the choice to have this role in society. He was considered the strongest warrior around. He could fight anything, and would easily fight for his King and country. When King Hrothgar had trouble in his battle hall Herot, he asked for Beowulf's assistance. With honor and pride, Beowulf gladly accepted the Kings plea for help. Many believed he did so because it was considered his role in society. Either way, he fought off the two beasts, Grendle and his mother, and saved Herot. Beowulf Knew of his power and strengths and probably considered this to be his role in society, to serve and to protect his country and those in need. This honor gives a good example of Beowulf's heroism. With any quality of Beowulf, chivalry was probably his most recognizable. If anything , Beowulf had the up most respect for his King. He loved him and honored him with all of his heart. If asked to do anything by the King, Beowulf would accept with pride. When the King died, it was Beowulf that was asked to take over. But with Beowulf's chivalry, he declined because the King's son was the rightful heir. With time, Beowulf did become King, but with his honor towards chivalry, he was looked up to by all of his people. Most people would have easily accepted the throne if asked, but Beowulf was strong with his belief towards chivalry. Even if Beowulf did not have humility, his role in society and honor towards chivalry expressed his beliefs and proved his heroism. The theme, with honor towards chivalry and faith in yourself, anything can be accomplished, is developed in this novel. The Anglo-Saxon ideals of being strong, fearless, bold and loyal were exactly the qualities that Beowulf carried with him. The ideals of heroism vary differently from generation to generation. But with humility, roles in society, and chivalry, you are bound to have similarities with other heroes. With Beowulf, his honor and pride made him a hero of his own time.

Do You Need an Appendix in Your College Paper - Proofed

Do You Need an Appendix in Your College Paper - Proofed Do You Need an Appendix in Your Paper? The debate over whether the human appendix does anything useful rages on. Much less controversial are the appendices you’ll find in a dissertation or thesis. These are definitely helpful! However, not every college paper needs an appendix. And if you do include one, you need to make sure you do it right. Here, then, is our guide to using appendices in academic documents. Do You Need an Appendix? You will only need appendices in your paper if you have a lot of extra material that doesn’t fit in the main body of the document. For instance, if you have conducted a survey, you might want to focus on certain data in the Results section of your paper. You can then pick and choose the key information, with the rest given in an appendix. This should be pointed to in the main text as follows: The full data shows that political engagement is increasing among those aged 18-24 years (see Appendix A). Your reader would then know to look in â€Å"Appendix A† for the survey results. If you do not mention an appendix in the main body of your paper, however, it probably doesn’t need to be there. What to Put in Appendices But what should go in appendices? The usual candidates include: Raw test data or results Graphs, charts, and tables Maps and illustrations Letters and emails Questionnaires and survey forms Interview transcripts The most important thing is that you only include non-essential information in appendices. If you rely upon something in your arguments, make sure to include it in the main body of your work. How to Format Appendices The correct format for appendices will depend on your school’s requirements, so make sure to check your style guide or ask your professor. As a general guideline, though, you should: Put appendices after the reference list at the end of your document Use a separate appendix for each type of information Clearly label each appendix with a letter or number, plus a title that tells the reader what it contains (e.g., Appendix A: Survey Results) Include all appendices in the table of contents at the start of your document If you do all of this, you should have a good set of appendices on your hands!

RADIATION AND IT'S BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS Research Paper

RADIATION AND IT'S BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS - Research Paper Example This paper discusses radiation and it narrows down to the biological effects of radiation. Introduction When a nucleus of an atom emits high-energy photons and particles such as gamma rays, this kind of radiation is referred to as nuclear radiation. X-rays behave in a similar way as they do gamma rays, although unlike gamma rays, they do not involve the nucleus. For this reason, in describing nuclear radiation and x-rays, the term ionizing radiation is used. While non-ionizing radiation is vital to life, excessive exposures cause tissue damage. All ionizing radiation forms have adequate energy to ionize atoms that may in return destabilize molecules within cells ensuing into tissue damage (Francis & Kirkpatrick, 538). Although radiation is useful biologically as aforementioned, for instance in the treatment of cancer due to its ability to destroy cancerous tissues, exposure of human tissue to higher energies associated with nuclear radiation has adverse biological effects – it causes severe damage to the tissues (McCall, 213). Whenever any radiation passes through a matter, it deposits energy along its path, which leads to ionization, increased temperatures, and atomic excitations. The ionization that radiation passing through living tissue causes can lead to the damage of organic molecules if the electrons are involved in molecular binding. In the event that there is the destruction of too many molecules in this manner or in the event that there is the damaging of DNA molecules, cells may either become cancerous or die (Francis & Kirkpatrick, 538). In addition to cancer induction, other biological effects include changes in the central nervous system, heritable effects, formation of cataract and early effects on body organs as well as their function (National Research Council Staff, 2). Deliberate exposure of living tissues to radiation therefore is something to be avoided unless it is utterly necessary. In fact, the World Congress on Medical Physics an d Biomedical Engineering 2009 documents that extreme care is not an option whenever radiation is used and the advantages of using radiation must always be greater than harm and risk from it (111). Radiations that are associated with nuclear explosions include gamma rays, neutrons, and to a much lesser extent, beta particles. During an explosion, most of the gammas and all the neutrons are essentially generated in fusion and fission reactions. The capture of neutrons in the surrounding air, water or earth as well as in the explosion-weapon debris generates additional gamma rays in addition to a large array of radioisotopes, which comprise the radioactive fallout. Normally, both gamma rays and neutrons are strongly absorbed all over the body thereby affecting all organs (Hafemeister, 5). Francis & Kirkpatrick point out that radiation’s outcome on people’s health is dependent on the amount of radiation that living tissue absorbs as well as the biological impacts linked wi th this absorption (538). To explain further, radiation’s harmful biological effects are attributable to destructive ionization generated within an exposed organism’s cell bodies. In animal tissues, both neutrons and gamma rays’ mean free paths are in the order of twenty centimeters, which is the range that inflicts maximum damage to the organism. In the event tha

World Travel Services Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

World Travel Services - Assignment Example It guides the employers internally as well as helps raise capitals from external audiences. Debelak (2000) claims that marketing plan is a significant part of a business plan. It includes information about services, prices, and products. One needs to know how the main competitors are fairing because they constantly keep coming up with new strategies to attract customers. One should also consider key government policies that can affect the operational of a business when coming up with a marketing plan. Information Source of data Time Measurable information, like how to increase customers. observation Period of one year. Accessible, for example, distributing your products or services to other regions web search Within a period of 2 years. Distinguishable information, like looking at key competitors strong and weak points Internal data Within a period of I year Relevant, information in terms of developing marketing mix for each segment chosen. Surveys and questionnaires Within a period of 6 months Feasible, approaches for each segment with specific marketing program. Surveys and questionnaires Within in a period of one year Debelak (2000) claims that, market analysis comes in handy after coming up with a market plan. For example, it outlines business objectives, like increasing customers from 5 percent to 10 percent during the year. When it comes to market analysis, the world travel services may decide to distribute their services in additional states in coming years. Westwood & Institute Of Directors (2002) asserts that before a company implements expansion plans, it should first of all determine the size of each market as well as money spent on the available services, which will help forecast profits and sales in those businesses. One should also write down business key competitors, in addition to, their weaknesses and strengths. This will help World Water services have an opportunity to match their own strong and weak points. Service and product planning are a cornerstone of any business. World water services should therefore, decide if it should introduce new services, and features in the coming year or after five years. However, before introducing the service in the market, the company should test the new services through customer surveys and focus groups. For example, in such a case, World Water services can conduct a phone survey in order to determine how many customers will be willing to test their new services and how they are going to distribute it. This will help identify key advantages of one’s services and products over competitive products (McDonald, 2011). Promotional plans in such a case become an important factor that World Water services can consider. For example, it should outline various effective promotional plans that it will use in order to reach its customers. For example, for a tour company, it can consider using coupons as one of the advertising medium that will help allocate a large portion of the advertisin g budget in the marketing plan. Coupons magazines for example, can be predominant advertising medium for world water services (Westwood & Institute Of Directors, 2002). When World Water Services include market analysis, service and promotional plan, it will definitely be successful. This is because it will have all the relevant information that it needs in the future. Additionally, it will be easy to follow the above-explained steps and focus on the direction and market planning process. For example, by identifying its market competitors, it will be able to determine and realize its weak and strong points, and as a result, come up with new strategies of offering their services (Debelak, 2000). Some of the three approaches that are used to develop a sales

Exploration of Essential Skills for Nurses Essay

Exploration of Essential Skills for Nurses - Essay Example Necessarily these skills include social perceptiveness, reading comprehension, oral comprehension, judgment and decision making, advocacy, compassion, excellent communication and observation skills, ability to answer questions and to work as part of a team, problem sensitivity, critical thinking, etc. Indeed nurses should be skillful enough to apply all of these principles of nursing in order to procure the highest possible excellence in their job. Nurses are to be sincere enough to avoid the subtle violation of the patients’ rights that are provided by these principles. Exploration of Essential skills for Nurses Introduction Nurses are the indispensable component of modern health care industry. A registered nurse must achieve all of the essential nursing skills and have clear understanding of the philosophical connotations of the principles in order to avoid the inclusive confusions. Necessarily these skills include social perceptiveness, reading comprehension, oral comprehen sion, judgment and decision making, advocacy, compassion, excellent communication and observation skills, ability to answer questions and to work as part of a team, problem sensitivity, critical thinking, etc. ... allenging skill that a nurse urgently should achieve is ‘decision making’ in which the nurses and the health care professionals, who are involved in caring the patients, are faced with several dilemma and crisis. Normally decision-making in nursing includes the ethical values and laws. But some the set of ethical values fails to encapsulate the unexpected situation in the patient’s condition, which often poses difficulties because of the emotional factors, beliefs, etc. Bukhardt and Nathaniel (2002) says, â€Å"It can stir numerous emotion laced with both certainty and doubt about the rightness of the decision† (p. 132). Emotion will need an extra concern in such cases in order to avoid the possible unexpected outcomes. Necessarily actions needs to be taken by the participants on the decisions made previously. But certainly â€Å"after acting upon the decision, the participants begin a process of response and evaluation† (Bukhardt & Nathaniel, 2002, p. 132). Indeed a health care professional or a nurse should go through four steps: articulation of the problem, Gathering data, Exploration of the strategies, implementing the strategies and Evaluation of the outcome. With the following decision making steps the dilemma of this nurse can be solved: a. Articulation of the problem, b. Gathering data, c. Exploration of the strategies, d. Implementing the strategies and e. Evaluation of the outcome. Social Perceptiveness and Perceiving the Ethical Concerns Nurses have to be socially perceptive and they have a good amount of comprehensive knowledge of the ethics and norms of the community in which they are supposed to work. According to Nightingale nursing should be based on the environmental and social adaptation. For her environment should determine the traits of nursing.

Modernity in Japan: 1910-1920

Modernity in Japan: 1910-1920 How did changes to Japanese society in the 1910s and 1920s make modernity a lived experience? Japanese society, much like with other societies, has seen many changes over the course of history. Due to Western influence, it can be argued that changes to Japanese society and way of life became more prominent from the nineteenth century onwards; as the rest of the world changed, Japan did as well. Despite initial fears about a Westernized society, change still occurred. As well as this, it is often proposed that Japanese society in the 1910s and 1920s also underwent a great amount of change, especially after the First World War. Whether or not these changes had a positive impact on society remains debatable, as interpretations of Japan during this period are continuously changing.[1] The change to society, as well as the economy, was brought about due to industrialization during the time which affected many other countries as well as Japan. Japan saw an increase in population partially because of industrialization, as the population had grown from 35 million in 1872 to 55 millio n by 1920.[2] By 1908 the population of Tokyo had risen to 2 million.[3] As it is evident that various groups of society experienced change due to this, the question remains: to what extent were these groups effected by industrialization and the changes to Japanese society? This essay shall explore the various changes that different groups in society faced, as well as whether or not these changes were drastic or not. When looking at the history of Japan, especially when looking at a period of great change, it is important to note that there are many different opinions on how the changes to Japanese society impacted different social groups. As previously mentioned, Waswo states that interpretations on Japan are continuously changing and evolving. Andrew Gordon argues that the lives of men and women were extremely different, as well as the lives of the rural population and those in the cities.[4] This appears to be agreed by many other historians, as the differences between urban Japan and rural Japan are very different indeed. Totman writes that young men, the rural population, the industrial working class, and women were expressing anger during this period, resulting in protests from many.[5] From these two statements it can be safe to assume that despite initial romanticism of this period, there were many hardships for those who werent part of the social elite. Much like in other nations, the wo rking-class struggled to keep up with this idea of modernity, mostly due to the lack of money and the attitudes of the government at the time. Gordon also writes that in the 1920s the countryside †¦ was a troubled place,[6] most likely due to troubles concerning landlords. Life during this period was not easy for many according to historians, with each part of Japan experiencing modernity in different ways. The lives of women during the 1910s and 1920s were, for the most part, full of challenges. Working-class women appeared to struggle the most. Despite beliefs about womens lives at that time, prostitution was a large problem within Japan. While brothel prostitution had begun to decline in many European states, in Japan it was a growing industry, especially in the 1920s.[7] The idea of prostitution and sex work was far from modern, and Garon explains that Tokyos policies towards prostitutes at time would potentially embarrass the government internationally.[8] While prostitutes in Japan had to be licensed in order to work, this did not prevent it becoming a large problem. Geisha, as trained performers, were not allowed to engage in sexual acts; by 1929, however, it was estimated that three quarters of geisha were doing so.[9] Prostitutes came from the poorest parts of society, with most coming from the families of farmers and laborers. Many of these women did not have any form of educa tion, with 13 per cent of licensed prostitutes in 1924 never attending school.[10] By 1925, one-in-thirty women between the ages of 18 and 29 had become involved with prostitution, with licensed prostitutes working in brothels and others working wherever they could.[11] Indeed, it is clear that prostitution was a large problem in Japan during the 1910s and 1920s, and little was done to combat it until the 1940s. Despite problems with prostitution, protests for womens rights during this period were also prominent. The idea of womens rights is seen as modern by many, mainly due to the fact that the idea of equal rights for both men and women is associated with a modern state. Activists began to emerge, with names such as ItÃ…Â  Noe becoming well-known. Although many Japanese women began to fight for equal rights, Yamada Waka noted that many of the problems these women faced were essentially middle-class concerns; there was no real confrontation concerning the conditions of workin g-class women who worked in the mines, textiles industry, or sex industry.[12] Regardless, many middle- and upper-class women went on to higher education despite being excluded from male institutions, and these women soon began to join the white-collar workforce, such as teaching and nursing.[13] As a result of this, by the mid-1920s a third of all teachers were women, and while in 1914 there were only 14,000 nurses by 1924 there were 42,000 nurses in the workforce.[14] The situation for women during the 1910s and 1920s was vastly different depending on social class. Whilst many working-class women were inevitably forced into prostitution, middle- and upper-class women began to experience the working world like never before, through nursing and teaching. It can be argued that while the middle- and upper-class women of Japan fit this criteria of a modern state, working-class women were the opposite. Each woman, therefore, experienced this idea of modernity in different ways. upper-cl ass women seeing the positive. As previously discussed, the middle-class in Japan appeared to be thriving off of this new idea of modernity in the 1910s and 1920s. However, it should be noted that a middle-class was not officially recognised by the government until after the First World War after the urban white-collar population began to grow.[15] Although the definition of middle-class was still somewhat uncertain during this period, the idea of what a home was began to change, especially for this new class. As the structure of homes took on different forms, with chairs and tatami mats now appearing within homes.[16] These homes, which were now being inhabited by this new middle-class, were more Western than traditional Japanese homes, meaning that this new class embraced the idea of modernity and Westernization. Homes were not the only thing to be Westernized. During the Meiji restoration, although there was resistance, many members of the Japanese upper-class changed their way of dress and lifestyle. Though th is was not as prominent, a few members of the middle-class adapted this way of life. As Japan was a family-based society (katei honi), family and home remained an important part of life.[17] Many middle-class businesses, which were mainly small home-based businesses, were family operations that meant that wives could work alongside their husbands for the first time.[18] As previously mentioned, during the 1910s and 1920s many women began to work in various areas of work such as nursing and teaching. Many middle-class daughters worked as typists, though pay was much less than that of men.[19] While today unequal pay is not seen as modern, the middle-class evidently embraced other aspects of a modern society. With consumerism depending mainly on the middle- and upper-classes, department stores began to flourish around Japan. Department stores were mainly located near train stations in urban areas such as Tokyo and Osaka and were †¦ a new way to enjoy the fruits of ones labor, esp ecially for families whose husbands worked in salaried middle-class jobs..[20] Imported products made appearances in department stores, such as clothing and cosmetics. Department stores quickly became a central part of life, especially for the middle-class who could afford the luxuries offered at the department stores.[21] Overall, it can be safe to assume that the middle-class fit the criteria of modernity quite well. As the middle-class progressed, meaning that architecture and lifestyles changed, so did Japan. Although there was a fear that quick progression would lead to Japanese tradition disappearing, this was not the case; this can be demonstrated by Japanese family ideals during this period, which for the most part remained mainly unchanged. Unlike the middle-class, it is argued that the working-class of Japan faced many more hardships and challenges during the 1910s and 1920s. Urbanization and industrialization meant that the number of factory workers increased, though this did not come without problems. After the war there was an increase in demand for skilled labor, especially men, in heavy industries.[22] With an increase in labor came an increase in strikes. Between 1914 and 1918 the number of strikes had risen to 417, though these were not often resolved.[23] Whilst wages rose, rising prices and profits meant that the rise in wages did little to help workers live comfortably. By 1919, the number of labor disputes rose to 2388 following a series of wage cuts and lay-offs the year before.[24] Although the main attitude towards workers during this period was that they were selfish, some politicians thought that it would be best to improve their conditions. For example, Kenseikai-MinseitÃ…Â  leaders agreed that ad opting new policies would help restore social peace, and during the 1920s the Diet introduced social welfare laws to help the working class. A national health insurance law, minimum age law, and additions to the original factory law were also introduced.[25] Despite the issues that the urban working-class faced, it can be agreed that there was some reform in order to help improve their conditions. Though it is argued that many factory owners wished to aid workers in their own way, many workers did receive better working conditions during the 1920s. This reform, in some ways, can be seen as modernization. However, Duus notes that many of those who moved to urban areas soon moved back to the countryside during times of distress. There they found that conditions in rural Japan were no better than they had been back in the city, if not even worse.[26] It can be proposed that even though the life of a working-class citizen was difficult, there was some attempt at reform and modernizing J apanese industries; to what extent, however, depends solely on the individual factory and industry. Life in the city, arguably, was much better than it was in the country. According to Gordon, †¦ by the 1920s the Japanese countryside was a troubled place,[27] and this was mainly due to the changes surrounding landlords and land. Independent farmers transferred land to landlords meant that mainstay owner-farmers (chÃ…Â «ken jisakunÃ…Â ) had smaller plots of land to work with or ended up becoming tenants.[28] Tenants were seen as socially inferior to landloards, and were expected to move aside if encountered by someone with a superior social status on roads or footpaths.[29] The idea of the socially inferior performing such actions is, to many, not seen as modern. It is due to this that it is argued that rural Japan was behind the urbanized areas, which were rapidly changing. While agriculture was a key industry in Japan, by 1920 it fell into a depression. Many farmers began to struggle, and by 1929 it is estimated that nearly 40 per cent of farm households had to rely on sericulture for extra income.[30] This could have also contributed to the idea that rural Japan was not having a positive experience with modernity. Rice and silk prices continuously dropped throughout the 1920s, meaning that many farmers faced a continuous struggle to pay rent and buy food. There were disputes with landlords concerning lowering rent in the mid-1920s, though politicians remained mainly silent on the issue in the country. As imported goods became more common and the demand for exports declined, 5.5 million farm families continued to struggle; half the population could not live properly.[31] Although the government eventually tried to help, their policy of increased subsidies did very little to help and the problem surrounding agriculture became much more serious towards the end of the 1920s. Rural Japan had some clear problems concerning landlords and income, though it can be proposed that as the government were more focused on helping these new modern cities flourish they did little to help the rural areas of Japan. Due to this, it i s highly probable that many of those who lived in rural Japan saw modernity as a threat, meaning that they felt alienated and did not like the idea of modernity. The many changes to Japanese society during the 1910s and 1920s did, overall, have a large impact on all aspects of life in the 1910s and 1920s. While little was being done in order to aid the working-class, which inevitably resulted in strikes and protests, the middle- and upper-classes appeared to be thriving on the introduction of modernity. The working-class and rural population struggled with wages and fair treatment, something that is not necessarily associated with a modern state, though the middle-class did not appear to have this problem. Womens rights had emerged and white-collar employment was on the rise. Many middle- and upper-class families also adapted to this idea of modernity and Westernization, meaning that for many their way of life changed, from their eating habits to their clothing. In Japan during the 1910s and 1920s, modernization had a different impact in different parts of society. It is hard to tell whether or not the modernization of Japan was a positive or not when looking at the country as a whole, however it can be argued that the middle- and upper-classes were effected by modernity much more positively than the rural population and the working-class. Bibliography: Secondary sources: Anderson, Benedict. Imagined Communities, London, 2016. Beasley, W. G. The Rise of Modern Japan, Oxon, 2011. Duus, Peter. Modern Japan, Boston, 1998. Gluck, Carol. Japans Modern Myths, New Jersey, 1985. Gordon, Andrew. A Modern History of Japan, New York, 2014. Gordon, Sheldon. Molding Japanese Minds: The State in Everyday Life, New Jersey, 1997. Holcombe, Charles. A History of East Asia, New York, 2011. Low, Morris (ed.). Building a Modern Japan, New York, 2005. Sand, Jordan. House and Home in Modern Japan, Massachusetts, 2003. Tipton, Elise K. and Clark, John (eds.). Being Modern in Japan, Sydney, 2000. Totman, Conrad. A History of Japan, New Jersey, 2005. Waswo, Ann. Modern Japanese Society, Oxford, 1996. [1] Waswo, Ann. Modern Japanese Society, p. 95. [2] Waswo, Ann. Modern Japanese Society, p. 57. [3] Gluck, Carol. Japans Modern Myths, p. 159. [4] Gordon, Andrew. A Modern History of Japan, p. 139. [5] Totman, Conrad. A History of Japan, p.p. 390-391. [6] Gordon, Andrew. A Modern History of Japan, p. 144. [7] Garon, Sheldon. Molding Japanese Minds: The State in Everyday Life, p. 93. [8] Garon, Sheldon. Molding Japanese Minds: The State in Everyday Life, p. 88. [9] Garon, Sheldon. Molding Japanese Minds: The State in Everyday Life, p. 92. [10] Garon, Sheldon. Molding Japanese Minds: The State in Everyday Life, p. 94. [11] Garon, Sheldon. Molding Japanese Minds: The State in Everyday Life, p. 94. [12] Totman, Conrad. A History of Japan, p. 393. [13] Totman, Conrad. A History of Japan, p. 393. [14] Totman, Conrad. A History of Japan, p. 393. [15] Sand, Jordan. House and Home in Modern Japan, p. 162. [16] Sand, Jordan. House and Home in Modern Japan, p. 163. [17] Sand, Jordan. House and Home in Modern Japan, p. 165. [18] Gordon, Andrew. A Modern History of Japan, p. 148. [19] Gordon, Andrew. A Modern History of Japan, p.p. 149-150. [20] Gordon, Andrew. A Modern History of Japan, p.p. 154-155. [21] Gordon, Andrew. A Modern History of Japan, p. 154. [22] Duus, Peter. Modern Japan, p. 190. [23] Duus, Peter. Modern Japan, p.p. 190-191. [24] Duus, Peter. Modern Japan, p. 191. [25] Duus, Peter. Modern Japan, p. 192. [26] Duus, Peter. Modern Japan, p. 193. [27] Gordon, Andrew. A Modern History of Japan, p. 144. [28] Gluck, Carol. Japans Modern Myths, p. 188. [29] Waswo, Ann. Modern Japanese Society, p. 66. [30] Duus, Peter. Modern Japan, p. 195. [31] Duus, Peter. Modern Japan, p. 195.

Terrorism :: essays research papers

Over the past Century, terrorism has evolved from random killings to massive plans for terrorist groups. To understand terrorism you must first describe it. There have been many different definitions of terrorism. The one that truly describes it is; Terrorism can not specifically describe terrorism because people will interpret it differently. Many experts believe that terrorism is an abstract concept with no essence, a single definition cannot account for all the possible uses of the term, many different definitions share common elements, the meaning of terrorism derives from the victim of target. Even with no definite conclusion terrorism can be divided into 5 categories: Simple Violence or threatened violence intended to produce fear or change. Legal Criminal violence violating legal codes and punishable by the state. Analytical Specific political and social factors behind individual terrorist acts. State-sponsored Terrorist groups used by small states and the Communist bloc to attack western interests. State Power of the government used to terrorize its people into submission. With the definitions described one can now put a terrorist organization into a specific group. The Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) is an analytical terrorist group, even though they can be part of each. The PLO was created in 1964 during a meeting known as the Palestinian Congress. This was an effort to give a voice to the many Palestinians that were located in refugee camps in Lebanon. The leader of the group is one of the most recognized terrorists in the world, Yasser Arafat. It did not take long for sub-divisions to break off of the PLO. Most of these groups felt they could better achieve Palestinian liberation. The most notable of these groups were the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine, Popular Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine, Popular Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine - General Command, and al-Fatah. The PLO changed its main theory to the destruction of the state of Israel in 1967. This caused massive terrorist acts against Israel, which resulted in hundreds of casualties on both sides. In 1974 the PLO changed into not just a terrorist group to a group which included political elements. Some members of the PLO did not like this idea and founded another sub-division called the Rejectionist Front. At this time Arafat took over all control of the PLO. Arafat provided support for highjacking a major cruise ship. With help from the PLF they took the passengers hostage.

Standard Procedure For Male Circumcision Health And Social Care Essay

In a combined survey from the USA and Kenya, the safety of big male Circumcision in the latter state was reviewed, peculiarly with the purported association between this process and a lower incidence of HIV and other sexually-transmitted infections. It was found that safe and acceptable grownup male Circumcision services could be delivered in developing states should this be advocated as a public wellness step. Aim To develop a standard process for male Circumcision in a resource-poor medical scene and prospectively measure the result in a randomized, controlled test with the incidence of human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV ) as the chief result, as surveies suggest that Circumcision is associated with a lower incidence of HIV and other sexually familial infections in bad populations. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Healthy, uncircumcised, HIV-seronegative work forces aged 18-24 old ages from Kisumu District, Kenya, were offered engagement in a clinical test utilizing a standard Circumcision process based on ‘usual ‘ medical processs in Western Kenya. The followup included visits at 3, 8 and 30 yearss after Circumcision, with extra visits if necessary. Healing, satisfaction and recommencement of activities were assessed at these visits and 3 months from randomisation. Consequence Overall, 17 ( 3.5 % ) of the 479 Circumcisions were associated with inauspicious events judged decidedly, likely or perchance related to the process. The most common inauspicious events were wound infections ( 1.3 % ) , shed blooding ( 0.8 % ) , and delayed lesion healing or sutura line break ( 0.8 % ) . After 30 yearss, 99 % of participants reported being really satisfied with the process ; ?aˆS23 % reported holding had sex and 15 % reported that their spouses had expressed an sentiment, all of whom were really satisfied with the result. About 96 % of the work forces resumed normal general activities within the first hebdomad after the process. Decision Safe and acceptable grownup male Circumcision services can be delivered in developing states should male Circumcision finally be advocated as a public-health step. Abbreviations STI sexually transmitted infection KES Kenya shilling. Introduction Top of page Abstraction Introduction SUBJECTS AND METHODS Consequence Discussion Recognitions Conflict OF Interest Mentions Of African work forces, ?aˆS62 % are circumcised [ 1 ] ; more African work forces are seeking clinical Circumcision to better hygiene, to cut down the hazard of sexually transmitted infections ( STIs ) , to look more ‘urban ‘ , or to be more like others [ 2-6 ] . Epidemiologic surveies suggest that male Circumcision is associated with a ?aˆS50 % decrease in the hazard of HIV infection, and with a lower hazard of ulcerative STI [ 4,7-10 ] . Male Circumcision eliminates the venereal jobs of balanoposthitis, phimosis and paraphimosis, well reduces penial carcinoma rates and, in one survey, reduced the cervical malignant neoplastic disease hazard in female spouses [ 3 ] . Despite increased involvement among medical governments and greater credence among African work forces, there are significant concerns about urging male Circumcision as a public-health step. These reserves include the deficiency of informations from randomized, controlled clinical tests demoing that Circumcision decreases the hazard of STIs and HIV. Considerable anecdotal grounds, including studies based on medical record reappraisal, suggests that Circumcision in traditional scenes exposes immature work forces to an inordinate hazard of complications [ 11-15 ] . Very few informations on Circumcision results are available from African clinical scenes. One survey from Tanzania found that infant Circumcision utilizing the Plastibell technique resulted in a 2 % complication rate [ 16 ] , comparable to reported rates in developed states [ 17 ] . We are carry oning a prospective, randomized controlled clinical test of grownup male Circumcision to measure its impact on the incidence of HIV among 18-24-year-old work forces in Kisumu District, Kenya. One of import aim was to develop a standard Circumcision process that would be applicable to resource-poor medical scenes. A 2nd aim was to find the inauspicious event rates associated with this process. Thus the intents of this study are to: ( I ) describe the proficient facets of the standard process ; ( two ) outline the processs for monitoring and sorting inauspicious events ; and ( three ) to depict results and inauspicious events associated with the first 479 Circumcisions. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Top of page Abstraction Introduction SUBJECTS AND METHODS Consequence Discussion Recognitions Conflict OF Interest Mentions Uncircumcised, HIV-seronegative work forces aged 18-24 old ages shacking within Kisumu District, Kenya, were offered admittance to the test. After supplying written, informed consent, participants were randomized every bit to either Circumcision or delayed Circumcision after a 2-year followup ( the control group ) . Exclusion standards included: any medical indicant for Circumcision ( e.g. important phimosis, recurrent balanitis, paraphimosis, or extended venereal warts ) , history of a hemorrhage upset, keloid formation, or other status that might unduly increase the hazards of elected surgery. Work force in both weaponries of the test were given extended reding about the decrease in hazard of STI/HIV, including the proviso of limitless supplies of free rubbers. This survey was approved by institutional reappraisal boards at the Universities of Nairobi, Illinois at Chicago, Manitoba, Washington, and RTI International. A Data Safety and Monitoring Board reports to the USA National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. For Circumcision, a standard process was based on ‘usual ‘ medical Circumcision processs in Western Kenya [ 18 ] . One Medical Officer ( medical physician ) and two Clinical Military officers ( Kenyan paramedicals who conduct medical audiences and selected surgical processs ) were trained in techniques and inside informations of the process. All instruments and supplies were purchased from providers in Western Kenya. The genital organ were prepared with a povidone-iodine solution and draped in unfertile manner. A dorsal nervus block was applied utilizing 2 % Lidocaine, with extra anesthetic administered circumferentially about the penial base ( maximal 10 milliliter ) . The foreskin was grasped at the 3 and 9 o'clock places utilizing two mosquito clinchs, so pulled over the glans. The scratch was outlined with a taging pen analogue to and 1 centimeter proximal to the coronal sulcus. The mosquito clinchs were so used to draw the foreskin over the glans while a Kocher clinch was applied below the planned scratch, taking attention to avoid wounding the glans. The foreskin was excised by cutting above the Kocher clinch, which was so removed. Shed blooding vass were ligated utilizing 3/0 field intestine. The lesion was irrigated with physiological saline. The tegument and mucosal scratchs were aligned utilizing 3/0 chromic perpendicular mattress suturas at the 12, 3 and 9 o'clock places, and a horizontal mattress sutura at the 6 o'clock ( frenulum ) place. The four initial suturas were tagged with mosquito clinchs to supply grip during the balance of the closing. Four extra perpendicular mattress suturas were placed halfway between the initial suturas, with simple suturas so placed to jump between the mattress suturas. The lesion was covered utilizing a Vaseline gauze dressing. Each patient was given verbal and written instructions, including vesture and bathing patterns, and instructed to urinate often to minimise hard-ons. They were given Datrils, 1 g three times daily as needed for 5 yearss, and tramadol hydrochloride, 100 milligram at bedtime as needed for two darks. Participants were strongly counselled to abstain from sex for at least a month. Follow-up visits were scheduled for 3, 8 and 30 yearss after surgery. Patients were instructed to return to the clinic if there was shed blooding, infection or inordinate hurting. At each visit the lesion was checked, and standard inquiries assessed activities of day-to-day life, possible inauspicious events, and the participants ‘ satisfaction. Additional elaborate ratings were conducted at 1, 3, 6, 12, 18 and 24 months from randomisation. Regular instance conferences reviewed all processs and results. Adverse events were categorized by badness and relatedness to the survey. Severity classs were mild, moderate and terrible. Relatedness to the process was classified as: ( 1 ) decidedly unrelated, clearly explained by another cause ; ( 2 ) perchance related, probably explained by other causes ; ( 3 ) likely related, most likely explained by the Circumcision ; and ( 4 ) decidedly related, a clear complication. Patient satisfaction was analysed at ?aˆS30 and 90 yearss after surgery as ( 1 ) really satisfied, ( 2 ) slightly satisfied, ( 3 ) slightly disgruntled, or ( 4 ) really disgruntled. We evaluated whether patients had resumed work and sexual activities and, if so, whether their sexual spouses had expressed an sentiment about their Circumcision position. The critical end points and definitions were determined before get downing the survey. Datas were collected prospectively and entered on site, and evaluated for quality and consistence continuously. Consequence Top of page Abstraction Introduction SUBJECTS AND METHODS Consequence Discussion Recognitions Conflict OF Interest Mentions Between 4 February 2002 and 11 March 2004, 2160 work forces were screened, including 47 % who agreed to take part. Of these, 505 were randomized to Circumcision, including 479 ( 95 % ) who had the process. The balance either declined after randomisation or deferred Circumcision until subsequently. The average age of circumcised participants was 21 old ages and 96 % were of Luo cultural beginning ; 89 % had completed primary school, 53 % had completed secondary school and & A ; gt ; 90 % were single. Almost half classified themselves as unskilled workers and about a one-fourth were pupils. Merely 37 % reported regular employment. The median ( scope ) continuance of Circumcision was 30 ( 18-63 ) min ; Fig. 1 shows the continuance for each consecutive group with clip ( Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel rank correlativity statistic, chi-square 149.4, 1 d.f. , P & A ; lt ; 0.001 ) . Figure 1. Box-and-whisker secret plan comparing process continuance with the figure of Circumcisions. For each group of Circumcisions, the line in the box indicates the median ( 50th percentile ) , and the upper and lower bounds of the box the interquartile scope ( 25-75th percentiles ) . The mistake bars indicate the 10th and 90th percentiles. Valuess above the 90th or below the tenth percentiles are plotted as points. For all 479 Circumcisions, the median ( scope ) continuance was 30 ( 18-63 ) min ; the average continuance was 38 min for the first 100, 30 min for the 2nd 100, 30 min for the 3rd, 28 min for the 4th and 26 min for processs 401-479 ( Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel rank correlativity P & A ; lt ; 0.001 ) . Of the 479 Circumcisions, 17 ( 3.5 % ) were associated with 18 inauspicious events considered decidedly, likely or perchance related, including six wound infections ( 1.3 % ) , four bleeds ( 0.8 % ) , four delayed healing or disrupted lesions ( 0.8 % ) , two with inordinate puffiness ( 0.4 % ) , one anesthetic reaction, and one participant who reported erectile disfunction. Of the 18 inauspicious events, none was classified as terrible, 11 were moderate ( necessitating extra intervention, e.g. drainage of an infection or revising a sutura to command indecent hemorrhage ) , and seven were mild ( necessitating minimum extra intervention ) . Fourteen inauspicious events were considered decidedly related ( including most infections and shed blooding jobs, plus the anesthetic reaction ) , one was considered likely related ( an infection off from the lesion that represented a reaction to the dressing tape ) , and three perchance related ( including diminished erectile map reported, folliculitis at the pubic base, and a pubic abscess in one participant each ) . Overall, nine of 18 inauspicious events were considered to be both moderate and definitely/probably procedure-related, happening after eight of 479 processs ( 1.7 % ) . The decorative consequences were first-class, with no demand for alterations or secondary processs. There were no instances of extra preputial tegument remotion, unequal preputial tegument remotion, penial tortuosity, cheloid, other hapless decorative or functional results. At this analysis, 411 of 479 participants were evaluated at ?aˆS30 yearss after surgery ; 99 % reported being really satisfied, 23 % reported holding had sex since the Circumcision, and 15 % of these work forces reported that their female spouse had expressed an sentiment about the process, all of whom were really satisfied with the result. In all, 321 work forces had appraisals at ?aˆS90 yearss from surgery, when 65 % reported holding resumed sexual intercourse, and 54 % of their sex spouses had expressed an sentiment about the process. Of these spouses, 95 % were really satisfied with the result, 4 % were slightly satisfied and 2 % were slightly disgruntled. None was really disgruntled. At 30 yearss after surgery, 98 % of work forces who were employed reported holding returned to work, 91 % within a hebdomad of the process and 97 % within 2 hebdomads. At this visit, all work forces reported holding resumed normal general activities, 96 % within the first hebdomad and another 3 % during the 2nd hebdomad after surgery. Discussion Top of page Abstraction Introduction SUBJECTS AND METHODS Consequence Discussion Recognitions Conflict OF Interest Mentions We developed a Circumcision process that was implemented efficaciously in an African medical scene. All instruments and supplies were purchased locally and local clinicians performed all processs. The standard method was based on medical processs used in eastern Africa [ 18 ] . To avoid trust on a engineering that is non widely available in developing states, we did non utilize electrocautery. Nevertheless, the overall inauspicious event rate was comparable to reported rates from the developed universe. Postoperative lesion infection ( 1.3 % ) and shed blooding ( 0.8 % ) were the most common inauspicious events, as would be predicted. The huge bulk of participants and their spouses who expressed sentiments were really satisfied at 30 and 90 yearss after surgery. This is one of the largest series of big male Circumcisions and it is alone in that results were monitored prospectively. Participants were followed utilizing a strict protocol. We used simple definitions that may turn out utile for other surgical tests, particularly surveies measuring Circumcision as a public-health step. The average clip to finish a Circumcision was 30 min ; runing continuance decreased from a median of 38 min for the first 100 processs to 26 min for processs 401-479 ( P & A ; lt ; 0.001 ) . This is of import, because if Circumcision were recommended as a public-health step for forestalling HIV, so it would be necessary to finish processs within an acceptable period in resource-poor states. The instruments and supplies were modest and all were obtained locally. In Kisumu the cost of supplies is 1500 Kenya shillings ( KES ) per process at our installation ( ? US $ 20 ) . In the Kisumu community, charges for Circumcision scope from 1000 KES ( US $ 13 ) at the authorities infirmary to 5800 KES ( US $ 77 ) at the taking private infirmary. Therefore, this survey suggests that our standard Circumcision method is consistent with bing pattern in Kenya and is likely to turn out practical within the underdeveloped universe. We besides showed that it is possible to obtain consequences that are tantamount to series of big male Circumcisions from the developed universe. The present survey has some advantages ; it represents a big series of big male Circumcisions and one of really few studies of surveies designed to supply an optimal prospective appraisal of results. We used strict definitions for events. The Circumcision process and resources were based on local medical pattern and resource handiness. All instruments and supplies were obtained locally, and clinicians trained and working in their ain community completed all processs. Therefore, our consequences should be straight applicable to similar clinical scenes in other countries. Two of the three clinicians were Clinical Military officers, the cell of professionals likely to execute most Circumcisions in sub-Saharan Africa. An of import lesson was that clear patient instructions are critical for lesion attention after surgery. Young work forces in many developing state scenes may miss easy entree to H2O and have trouble in keeping hygiene. Their timeserving employment forms frequently require high degrees of physical activity that can interrupt wound mending. Instruction manuals, both verbal and written in autochthonal linguistic communications, can help patients to restrict the possible effects of such lifestyle challenges. A determination that requires further attending is that 23 % of work forces reportedly resumed sexual activities before their 30-day follow-up visit, despite intensive reding to the contrary. Fortunately, merely one adult male reported holding had sexual intercourse at one of the early visits, and that was 19 yearss after the process. If work forces resume sexual contact before their scratchs are to the full healed, there is the danger of increased hazard of infection with HIV or other STIs. Once the test is complete, we will prove whether circumcised work forces have a higher incidence of HIV/STI than uncircumcised controls during this 1-month period after randomisation. Effective guidance of immature work forces is disputing, but developing effectual ways to advocate against sexual contact while the surgical lesion is mending will be important if male Circumcision is to be introduced as an intercession to forestall HIV. The present survey has of import restrictions ; the work forces were circumcised in a carefully designed, controlled research undertaking, with thorough preparation of clinicians, careful choice of healthy patients and uninterrupted monitoring of the result. It will be necessary to demo similar results in less strict scenes. The followup was short, but we will obtain more informations on sexual map. Most significantly, we need to find, through the test, whether grownup male Circumcision is effectual in cut downing the incidence of HIV. In decision, we developed a standard process for grownup male Circumcision that proved suited for resource-poor clinical scenes. The inauspicious event rate compares favorably with rates reported from developed states. Participants had first-class clinical results, acceptable morbidity and first-class patient satisfaction. They returned to work and to normal general activities really rapidly. These findings suggest that it should be possible to present grownup male Circumcision services with acceptable complication rates in developing states. Recognitions Top of page Abstraction Introduction SUBJECTS AND METHODS Consequence Discussion Recognitions Conflict OF Interest Mentions We particularly thank the immature work forces in Kisumu who have so enthusiastically participated in the survey. We acknowledge the aid and indefatigable support provided by Dr J. Otieno. We greatly appreciate the tireless attempts of the UNIM undertaking staff. This survey was funded by grants from the National Institute of Allergy and Infections Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland USA, Grant No. AI150440, and the Canadian Institutes of Health Research ( CIHR ) , Grant No. HCT 44180. S. Moses is the receiver of a CIHR research worker award. Conflict OF Interest Top of page Abstraction Introduction SUBJECTS AND METHODS Consequence Discussion Recognitions Conflict OF Interest Mentions None declared. Mentions Top of page Abstraction Introduction SUBJECTS AND METHODS Consequence Discussion Recognitions Conflict OF Interest Mentions 1 Drain PK, Smith JS, Hughes JP, Halpern DT, Holmes KK. Correlates of national HIV seroprevalence: an ecologic analysis of 122 developing states. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2004 ; 35: 407-20 CrossRef, PubMed, Web of Science ® Times Cited: 21 2 Caldwell JC, Caldwell P. The African AIDS epidemic. Sci Am 1996 ; 274: 66-8 CrossRef 3 Castellsague X, Bosch FX, Munoz N et Al. Male Circumcision, penial human papillomavirus infection, and cervical malignant neoplastic disease in female spouses. N Engl J Med 2002 ; 346: 1105-12 CrossRef, PubMed, Web of Science ® Times Cited: 188 4 Bailey RC, Muga R, Poulussen R, Abicht H. The acceptableness of male Circumcision to cut down HIV infections in Nyanza Province, Kenya. AIDS Care 2002 ; 14: 27-40 CrossRef, PubMed, ChemPort, Web of Science ® Times Cited: 33 5 Lagarde E, Dirk T, Puren A, Reathe RT, Bertran A. Acceptability of male Circumcision as a tool for forestalling HIV infection in a extremely infected community in South Africa. Aids 2003 ; 17: 89-95 CrossRef, PubMed, Web of Science ® Times Cited: 25 6 Kebaabetswe P, Lockman S, Mogwe S et Al. Male Circumcision: an acceptable scheme for HIV bar in Botswana. Sex Transm Infect 2003 ; 79: 214-9 CrossRef, PubMed, ChemPort, Web of Science ® Times Cited: 24 7 Jessamine PG, Plummer FA, Ndinya Achola JO et Al. Human immunodeficiency virus, venereal ulcers and the male prepuce: synergy in HIV-1 transmittal. Scand J Infect Dis Suppl 1990 ; 69: 181-6 PubMed, ChemPort 8 Cameron DW, Simonsen JN, D'Costa LJ et Al. Female to male transmittal of human immunodeficiency virus type 1: hazard factors for seroconversion in work forces. Lancet 1989 ; 2: 403-7 CrossRef, PubMed, ChemPort, Web of Science ® Times Cited: 541 9 Todd J, Munguti K, Grosskurth H et Al. Hazard factors for active pox and TPHA seroconversion in a rural African population. Sex Transm Infect 2001 ; 77: 37-45 CrossRef, PubMed, ChemPort, Web of Science ® Times Cited: 15 10 Weiss HA, Quigley MA, Hayes RJ. Male Circumcision and hazard of HIV infection in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic reappraisal and meta-analysis. Aids 2000 ; 14: 2361-70 CrossRef, PubMed, ChemPort, Web of Science ® Times Cited: 189 11 Mayatula V, Mavundla TR. A reappraisal on male Circumcision processs among South African inkinesss. Curationis 1997 ; 20: 16-20 PubMed, ChemPort 12 Ahmed A, Mbibi NH, Dawam D, Kalayi GD. Complications of traditional male Circumcision. Ann Trop Paediatr 1999 ; 19: 113-7 CrossRef, PubMed, ChemPort, Web of Science ® Times Cited: 19 13 Crowley IP, Kesner KM. Ritual Circumcision ( Umkhwetha ) amongst the Xhosa of the Ciskei. Br J Urol 1990 ; 66: 318-21 Direct Link: Abstraction PDF ( 630K ) Mentions 14 Magoha GA. Circumcision in assorted Nigerian and Kenyan infirmaries. East Afr Med J 1999 ; 76: 583-6 PubMed, ChemPort, Web of Science ® Times Cited: 24 15 Khalifa S. Implications of the protective consequence of male Circumcision against HIV. A reappraisal of male Circumcision processs presently used in Africa and their safety. [ Maestro of Science ] . London, UK. London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, 2000 16 Manji KP. January 1 of the immature baby in a underdeveloped state utilizing the Plastibell. Ann Trop Paediatr 2000 ; 20: 101-4 PubMed, ChemPort, Web of Science ® Times Cited: 9 17 Williams N, Kapila L. Complications of Circumcision. Br J Surg 1993 ; 80: 1231-6 Direct Link: Abstraction PDF ( 808K )

Food Supply Chain Essays

Food Supply Chain Essays Food Supply Chain Essay Food Supply Chain Essay Food supply chain overview In the present competitive environment customers have become more demanding and asking for quality food which guarantees the safety. On time delivery is becoming a norm to reduce the inventory holding costs. The food industry is facing challenges due to increasing operational complexity, frequently changing consumer needs, government regulations and short product life cycles. It requires a very smart, efficient and agile supply chain to manage the ever changing needs of the end customers Why managing Food Supply Chain is a challenge? The food supply chain is complex and difficult to manage due to its perishable nature and short shelf life of the products as compared to other supply chains like electronics, home needs, consumer durables etc. It also requires a robust infrastructure of warehouses and transportation network connecting suppliers, manufacturers, distributors and retailers. The complexity of food supply chain increases further because of the below mentioned parameters 1 Food safety requirements 2 Regulatory requirements 3 Short shelf life of products leading to expiry and wastage 4 Product recalls Product traceability requirements 6 Effective handling of customer complaints 7 High order frequency and low volumes Food Supply Chain categorization It is basically categorized into two broad categories Perishable and non Perishable Perishable Supply Chain In perishable supply chain the shelf life for the products is very low. It requires managing the end to end supply chain with utmost care. The perishable supply chain typically requires a cold chain to manage it properly. The cold chain infrastructure is very capital intensive. : The infrastructure consists of pre-coolers, temperature controlled warehouses, refrigerated transport etc Non- perishable Supply Chain The shelf life for the product is considerable (varying from 3-18 months). Typically FMCG/Processed products, staples etc fall under this category. Although the shelf life of the product is 3-18 months, the products falling under this category requires strict monitoring of FIFO at distributors end to ensure that the products reaching the end consumer are left with enough shelf life. What is needed to manage this unique and complex supply chain? A well organized supply chain infrastructure of warehouses and transportation covering all the major cities. 2 Sophisticated cold chain for perishable products which guarantees a cost efficient and safe delivery of products 3 Warehouse management system to ensure traceability of products and minimize the losses due to product expiry 4 State of the art warehouse infrastructure equipped with the sophisticated mat erial handling equipments to aid cross docking, flow thru which will reduce transit times and inventory 5 Adherence to well documented GMP at the storage locations. This would ensure food safety in storage condition ( Warehouses) 6 Vehicle tracking abilities GPS/GPRS to continuously evaluate the time to destination. Over a period of time future supply chains (FSC) has developed an expertise in managing the food supply chain in the most efficient manner. FSC has gained and mastered art of managing the food supply chain due to its association with Food Bazaar. In house expertise to manage perishable ( Fruits and vegetables, dairy ,meat, poultry, Bakery ) and non perishable ( FMCG-Food, Staples, Processed food) FSC has state of the art warehouses across the nation which can cater to the customized needs. There is a strong in-house transportation department with fleet of vehicles for every need and type Availability of most advanced warehouse management system which would ensure all aspects like FIFO, Lot management, product traceability, product recalls Availability of transport management system with vehicle tracking facilities to track produc t movement at every stage of transportation ( Real time visibility) Strict adherence to standard operating procedures which ensures food safety at every stage of product handling.

Top 10 Words Confused in English [N-P]

Top 10 Words Confused in English [N-P] Top 10 Words Confused in English [N-P] Top 10 Words Confused in English [N-P] By Maeve Maddox My cumulative list of words commonly confused continues with ten that begin with the letters N and P. The confusion relates to spelling or meaning. 1. nutritional / nutritious The adjective  nutritional means, â€Å"related to the process of nutrition,† that is, using food to support life. Ex. The nutritional value of one egg is the equivalent of one ounce of meat. The adjective  nutritious means â€Å"nourishing or healthy to eat.† Ex. A nutritious breakfast can help prevent overeating and snacking later in the day.   2. noisome / noisy The adjective noisome means, â€Å"offensive to the smell or other senses.† Ex. I was repelled by the noisome smell that accompanied the speaker back from the smoking area.   The adjective noisy means, â€Å"characterized by the presence of noise.† Ex. Many writers find it difficult to work in a noisy environment. 3. observance / observation The performance of a customary rite is an observance. Ex. The observance of Memorial Day includes military parades and the placing of flowers on graves. Ex. Do you support moving the observance of Memorial Day to May 30th?   An observation is an act of recognizing and noting some fact or occurrence, often involving the measurement of some magnitude with suitable instruments. Ex. Gallileo’s achievements included the observation and analysis of sunspots. 4. obsolescent / obsolete Something that is obsolescent is going out of use. Ex. Although still used in 66 percent of US homes, landline telephones are obsolescent. Something that is obsolete is no longer active or in use. Ex. Mimeograph machines are obsolete. 5. ordinance / ordnance An ordinance is an official decree. Ex. An ordinance in my town forbids residents to allow pet cats to go outside without a leash. The term ordnance refers to military supplies including weapons, ammunition, combat vehicles, and the necessary maintenance tools and equipment. Ex. In 1969, he served as a platoon sergeant in the 70th  Ordnance  Battalion,  responsible for  maintaining the 5th Infantry Divisions basic load of ammunition. 6. palate / palette / pallet All three words are pronounced the same. The roof of the mouth consisting of the structures that separate the mouth from the nasal cavity is called the palate. Figuratively palate refers to the physical sense of taste or to intellectual capacity. Ex. Ludovico wrote that, given Francescos  exquisite palate, he chose only fish of the finest quality. Ex. It may take a well-developed literary palate to fully appreciate, but this miniseries remains an indelible treat. Painters arrange paint on a palette. Ex. Over the course of more than two decades, Ive used all kinds of palettes dishes with little wells, pieces of porcelain tile, old CDs, waxed paper, and water-color paper.    Figuratively, â€Å"an artist’s palette† is a distinctive combination of colors. Ex. Vermeer’s seventeenth-century palette did not include many strong colors. The word pallet may refer to a temporary bed. Ex. At night I  slept on a pallet  in a  corner  of Belles upstairs room. The word pallet also applies to â€Å"a portable platform of wood, metal, or other material designed for handling by a forklift truck.† 7. pedal / peddle The verb pedal means, â€Å"to use or work a pedal, as of an organ, piano, or bicycle.† Literally, the verb peddle means, â€Å"to travel about with wares for sale.† Figuratively, it means, â€Å"to deal out or seek to disseminate, as ideas or opinions. Ex. Writers come to tell you stories, [and] to  peddle their  ideas. 8. pour / pore pour: to cause or allow to flow; emit in a steady stream. pore: to gaze intently or fixedly; look searchingly; to devote oneself to attentive reading (used chiefly with over). 9. prescribe / proscribe To lay down a rule or give directions is to prescribe. Ex. The doctor prescribed an earlier bedtime. To condemn or forbid as harmful is to proscribe. Ex. The university has proscribed the carrying of guns on campus. 10. peek / peak / pique Most people use these words correctly in speech, but misspell them in writing. All three may be used as nouns or verbs. peek verb: look slyly or furtively or to peer through a crack or hole or from a place of concealment. noun: a surreptitious look peak verb: to reach a maximum, as of capacity, value, or activity. noun: the pointed or projecting part of something. noun: the top of a hill or mountain or something resembling it. pique verb: to arouse anger or resentment in someone. noun: offense taken. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Fly, Flew, (has) FlownFlied?People versus Persons6 Foreign Expressions You Should Know

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Management of a Patients Needs - Essay Example Each year, over 75,000 reported deaths in the UK is associated with diabetes mellitus (Type 1 and 2). Other complications associated with the condition (diabetes mellitus) include, for instance, amputation, kidney failure, and blindness. It is estimated that each year, over 6000 people in the UK who are diabetic undergo the amputation of either leg or foot. Researchers in the medical field also contend that if the current trend in the UK continues, the amputation rate will rise (McInnes, 2012). On another note, the expenditure on diabetes care by the NHS is almost reaching the  £10billion mark, which is about 10% of NHS total budget. Most of the expenses tend to cater for the management of avoidable complications. Conversely, other than direct costs, there are also indirect costs that increase the figure to approximately  £ 23.7 billion. However, among the most costly consequences of diabetes in the UK is the number of hospital admissions. It is estimated that at any one time, av eragely 15% of inpatients in the hospitals are recorded as patients with diabetes (NHS, 2012). The government acknowledges the adverse effects of diabetes on its citizens and has come up with a vision that targets the care of diabetes under the NSF (National Service Framework for Diabetes). On the other end of the spectrum, improvements in the care of diabetes are still needed due to its increased prevalence. For instance, there is the need for a multidisciplinary approach in the treatment of complications associated with diabetes such as FDUs

Business analysis assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Business analysis assignment - Essay Example as the social aspects of CSR strategy and how PPR can streamline its operations in order to operate sustainably without causing much damage to the environment while remaining viable in manufacturing its luxury brands. It is undoubtedly true that every organisation operates in a physical environment with people from diverse cultural backgrounds and are likely to be affected directly or indirectly by the operations of such organisations. It has been noted that there is need to establish goodwill with the values and norms of any given society the organisation would be operating in as a way of promoting mutual understanding. Thus, CSR entails doing good things to the society in which it would be operating in. It has also been noted that CSR strategy driven by leadership development is very effective in that it will stimulate positive employee performance while at the same time cultivating a sense of trust among the members of the community it will be operating in. It has been recommended that Pinault’s PPR should streamline the operations of the organisation in such a way that the products retain their value and luster while at the same time striving to minimise the impacts of environmental degradation through its activities. This must be done in such a way that does not compromise on quality since luxury brands are meant for prestige. The concept of corporate social responsibility has become topical during the current period but there is no one agreed definition about the whole concept (Knights and Willmott (eds.) 2007). CSR has been defined as a function that transcends but includes making profits, creating jobs and producing goods and services (Oketch 2005 as cited in Smith 2003). On the other hand, (Strydom 2004 p.11) concurs that â€Å"Social responsibility is the concept that maintains that businesses are part of the larger society in which they exist and are accountable to the society for their operations.† In other words, there is need for the